In recent years, China's strawberry industry has developed rapidly, and the planting area has also increased rapidly. However, pests and diseases are also becoming more and more serious. In order to improve the economic benefits of strawberry planting, we must reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases. This article will mainly talk about the common pests and diseases of strawberries and Its prevention and treatment methods.
First, strawberry powdery mildew
Strawberry powdery mildew not only harms the leaves, but also affects the petiole and fruit. The infested leaf back will produce white small pink spots. In the later stage, the white powder will cover the whole leaf. The leaves will eventually shrink and yellow, destroying the fruit quality. The fruit will not have color in the early stage of the damage, and it will not even develop normally. Gradually harden.
Prevention and treatment methods: Pay attention to regular cleaning, make the garden clean, ventilated and transparent. Dispose of diseased leaves in time, cultivate strong and disease-free seedlings, rationally plant and strengthen management. When the weather is dim, you can use the quick-acting smoke agent to clean the diseased leaves. After cutting the leaves, a proper amount of 50% antibacterial 800 times solution can effectively control powdery mildew, or 50% polysulfide suspension 500~600 times. For the sake of human health, use high-efficiency and low-harming green pesticides . Do not blindly mix pesticides. The dosage should be appropriate, and pay attention to recycling.
two. Strawberry bacterial wilt
In recent years, the quality and yield of strawberries have been increasingly affected by bacterial wilt. When the strawberry is onset, the stems and leaves are withered, and the stems and tubes become brown. There is no abnormality in the root center, but the roots of the diseased plants become brown and rot.
Control methods: control the humidity and temperature of the ground, strengthen the daily management of the strawberry garden, disinfect the soil, and deal with the problems encountered in time. By spraying 30% of the Green Depot suspension 400 times solution every 7 days, the incidence rate can be reduced. Note that a total of two sprays can be used.
Third, strawberry gray mold
Gray mold is one of the diseases of strawberries, which mainly harm the leaves, fruits and flowers of strawberries. After the fruit is infected with the pathogen, the young fruit will be invaded first, and the whole inflorescence will gradually die. When the fruit is infested, the fruit surface will produce a water-soaked pale brown dark spot, which gradually becomes dark brown, and the fruit gradually becomes corrupt and loses its taste.
Control method: Firstly, it is necessary to use a reasonable spraying of the medicinal agent. 50% of the seaweed 500-700 times solution or 25% sorghum toxin 1500-2000 times solution, or 50% of the sensitized zinc 500 times solution can be used. d spray once. In order to prevent drug resistance, various agents should be used interchangeably. Secondly, it is necessary to pay attention to rational close planting, clean up the diseased leaves, and disinfect and sterilize to control the incidence of fruit.
Fourth, strawberry red spider disease
Strawberry red spider is very small, has strong reproductive ability, strong vitality, and is difficult to control. The presence of red spiders can seriously affect the yield of strawberries, and strawberry in the field and strawberry in the greenhouse are deeply affected. Red spiders often suck the juice on the back of the leaves, and the leaves gradually cover the yellow pattern, and even the yellow aging dies. When the leaf back becomes rust-colored, plant growth is greatly inhibited.
Control method: The diseased leaves must be cleaned up quickly. The inflorescence has just emerged. At this time, it is necessary to spray a certain amount of Kruth 2500 times. Spray 20% of the synergistically effective pyrethroid 5000~8000 times solution. Spray the spray twice every 4~5 days before picking the fruit. After harvesting the fruit, clean the orchard and disinfect it to achieve the effect.
V. Strawberry Locust Disease
Strawberry aphids are extremely viable, with a body length of about 2 mm and a strange skin color of black or light green. Aphids may occur at any stage of strawberry growth, reaching 10 to 24 generations a year, especially in low-temperature and arid environments and on land using large amounts of nitrogen. Aphids often use leaf juice on the leaves of young leaves, causing the leaves to deform and bend, causing slow growth of the fruit and poor growth of the whole plant. At the same time, the produced material causes serious contamination of the fruit and even spreads some viruses. Its presence seriously affects the growth rate, yield and quality of the plants.
Control method: When planting strawberries, the temperature must be adjusted, the management should be strengthened, the number of strawberries should be controlled, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied less, the ventilation and light transmission should be removed, and the leaves of a large number of aphids should be removed. Use the natural enemies such as the seven-spotted ladybug to control the number of mites. During the flowering period, spray 1000 times of the dichlorvos solution every few days, not too often, and carefully spray the medicine. In order to inhibit the reproduction of aphids, the temperature is controlled at 25 °C. For safety reasons, the fruit is harvested 12 to 14 days after spraying.
6. Strawberry nematode disease
There are two kinds of strawberry nematode diseases: the first one is strawberry stem nematode disease. Nematodes attach to the cortex or parenchyma. This nematode disease causes the plants to be short, the leaves are curved, and nausea can form on the fruit. The second type is strawberry and knot nematode disease. The affected plants will exhibit a weak root system. A large number of white nematodes can be seen by dissecting the deformed tissue.
Control method: The residual strain and diseased leaves should be removed in time during the cultivation process. The nematodes are killed by introducing bacteria into the strawberry disease strain. Before planting strawberries, in order to kill the nematodes, the strawberries should be soaked in hot water at 46-55 °C for a while. Reasonably strengthen the immunity to strawberry plants, and the nematodes will be greatly reduced.
Seven, chafer insects
Black-streaked chafers, snails, and other chafers are particularly harmful to strawberry plants. In most parts of northern China, the larvae of the scarabs will survive the cold winter in the soil in order to survive. The larvae feed on strawberry roots to make the strawberries grow weak or dead. Adult chafers have phototaxis, feed on the young leaves and fruits of strawberries, and also eat flowers. Its food is messy and likes to be active in the evening.
Control method: If the larvae of the chafer are found during the strawberry planting, the dead seedlings should be removed in time, and the larvae of the chafer should be found and killed. Learn to use the natural enemies of the chafer, Beauveria bassiana, and the black bee to kill the chafer larvae. When planting, avoid the plots of the larvae of the chafer, such as the flowering, sweet potato, and leeks. Spraying 50% phoxim 1000 times solution can effectively control the larvae of the chafer, but the spray must be meticulous. For human health, fruit cannot be harvested within 30 days after administration.
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