Abstract Crystal clear, exudes a cold and noble glory - as a nobleman in jewelry, diamonds (also known as diamonds) can always be loved by people with low-key and luxurious temperament. However, due to the extremely rare number of naturally produced diamonds, synthetic diamonds made by synthetic technology have...
Crystal clear, exudes a cold and noble glory - as a nobleman in jewelry, diamonds (also known as diamonds) can always be loved by people with low-key and luxurious temperament. However, synthetic diamonds produced by synthetic techniques are widely used because of the extremely rare number of naturally produced diamonds. The emergence of synthetic diamonds has also opened the curtain for the development of superhard materials. Superhard material refers to a material that is comparable in hardness to diamond. Currently, it mainly refers to synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride. Since the hardness of these two materials is much higher than other materials, tools suitable for the manufacture of other materials are widely used in industry. However, the reporter learned in the interview that at present, the global super-hard materials industry is huge, but most of China's enterprises are in the upstream material chain of the industrial chain, and the patent strength is weak and lacks competitive advantage. Companies in the United States, Japan, and Europe have patented high-end products and emerging applications with higher added value, leading the competitive landscape of the super-hard materials industry.
In response to this situation, experts believe that China's super-hard materials industry-related enterprises should base their own products and capacity advantages, based on material links, attach importance to patent protection of large-scale equipment, and actively expand relevant domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, domestic enterprises should shift their research and development focus to key materials and products, and realize technological transformation as soon as possible through technology introduction or independent research to form a product line. In terms of patents, domestic enterprises should also strengthen their own patent layout, and strive to have high-quality patents that compete with foreign superior enterprises in the core technology.
Multinational giants control high-end market domestic enterprises are in the middle of the industry
In 1954, General Electric Company of the United States first developed synthetic diamonds, which opened the prelude to the development of the superhard materials industry. Relevant data shows that the current global superhard materials industry has reached 1 trillion yuan, of which about 100 billion yuan for superhard materials and 900 billion yuan for superhard materials. Upstream materials, midstream products and downstream applications form the entire industrial chain of the superhard materials industry.
In the process of superhard material development, patents have always played an important role in industrial competition. “As of December 26, 2013, the total number of patent applications for super-hard materials worldwide reached 38,000, including 25% of patent-related patent applications, and 54% of related patent applications involving products, involving patent applications. Accounted for 21%." Zhang Yong, deputy general manager of the Beijing National Patent Alert Advisory Center (hereinafter referred to as the National Early Warning Center), told the China Intellectual Property News reporter about the patent litigation in Hangzhou. From the perspective of the technology life cycle, in addition to individual technology hotspots, the material link is large. Part of the preparation technology and equipment have been relatively mature, and the technological development has entered a recession period; the added value of the midstream products is higher than the traditional single crystal, micro powder and other raw materials, and the technology tends to mature; the downstream application link is at the stage of technological development, and the discipline is highly intersected. It involves a wide range of fields, many technical hotspots, and high added value of products.
"At present, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries have turned the direction of technological innovation to high-end products and emerging applications with higher added value, especially the application of super-hard materials in emerging fields such as electronics and semiconductors, and laid out a large number of patents. Through patents, we firmly control the industrial competition pattern. Although Chinese enterprises have significantly improved their production equipment and production capacity, they are squeezed into the middle and low end of the industrial chain as the raw material exporters, and the number of patents is small. In a passive position, the industry breakthrough is facing great pressure and dilemma," Zhang Yong said.
Taking superhard materials for exploration and mining as an example, the United States accounts for 90% of the world's technological innovations in this field, and has patented a large number of technologies in other countries. China is the world's major consumer market for super-hard materials. American companies have deployed more than 400 patents in China to ensure their superior position in high-end products, accounting for 32% of all foreign companies' patent applications in China.
There is still a gap in technical strength. The overall layout of patents is not reasonable enough.
China's superhard materials began in the 1960s. After years of accumulation and development, it has been able to produce basic Chinese patent applications to meet the needs of various industries for the development of super-hard materials, but there is still a certain gap compared with foreign countries.
Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in the research and development and production of super-hard materials products and industry-specific production and testing equipment. Wang Aizhen, director of the company's science and technology development department, told the China Intellectual Property News reporter that some of the products of Chinese enterprises in superhard abrasives have reached the level of advanced foreign technology, but the accuracy, stability and durability of products exist compared with developed countries. The obvious gap, high-end superhard material abrasives are almost monopolized by developed countries.
Yi Juan, Henan Science and Technology Development Department of Fenike Superhard Materials Co., Ltd., takes cubic boron nitride as an example to introduce the technical difficulties faced by China's superhard materials enterprises. “At present, in the cubic boron nitride abrasive tool products, Chinese enterprises are mainly concentrated in the low-end market, and only a small number of products enter the high-end manufacturing fields such as automobile engines and aerospace. There are few domestic companies that can produce high-end tools, most of them. The polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool produced by the company is processed by the outsourcing of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composite sheet," Yi Juan said.
The patent layout in the field of superhard materials also reflects the technological gap between domestic and foreign companies. "China's market share of super-hard raw materials accounts for about 90% of the global market, but the proportion of patent applications in the world is very small. From the technical field involved in patent applications, the technical coverage of patent applications in China's related enterprises is relatively comprehensive, in materials and products. And high-end applications have been patented, but mainly concentrated on single crystal, low-end grinding tools, cutting tools and sawing tools, the number of patents in the high-end field is small, the homogenization competition between enterprises is obvious, and the patent is not reflected. Support and control of the competitive position of the industry." Zhang Yong said.
Strengthening research and development, breaking through core technologies, relying on innovation to optimize industrial structure
Leading foreign companies occupy the high-end of super-hard materials technology and products, and use strong patent strength to dominate the industrial competition pattern. How can China's super-hard materials industry achieve low-value-added to high-value-added, from factor-driven development to innovation-driven development? change?
In Wang Aizhen's view, improving the independent innovation capability of enterprises and continuing to strengthen research and development, breaking through the core technical problems is the key to promoting the rapid development of China's superhard materials industry. "In view of the weak research strength of key technologies, it is urgent to increase investment in science and technology, improve basic research and innovation institutions, strengthen theoretical basic research and applied basic research. At the same time, we must adhere to the road of combining independent research and development with production, education and research, and play a technical alliance. Role, implement joint research, solve a number of major, common, and key technical bottlenecks that restrict the development of the industry, develop a number of high-tech products with independent intellectual property rights, and gradually form a series, complete set, industrial scale." Wang Aizhen said .
Zhang Yong put forward suggestions on the development of China's superhard materials industry from a more macro level. He believes that in the direction of industrial structure optimization, China's super-hard materials industry should be based on the output advantages of materials, further strengthen the material link, focus on the development of products and applications, and promote the high-end upgrade of the industry to the value chain through technology and product innovation. In addition, Chinese enterprises should actively carry out technical tracking and cutting-edge research, as far as possible in the field of functional devices and high-end applications of diamond film preparation, which may become the new high point of the industrial value chain in the future, and lay out a batch of patents to narrow the gap with foreign companies. To win the living space for the future emerging product market.
It is worth mentioning that as the cradle of China's super-hard material industry development, Zhengzhou is making efforts to build a super-hard material industry cluster, and has the honor to become the national patent navigation industry development experimental zone. The research team of the National Early Warning Center led by Zhang Yong is working for Zhengzhou superhard materials industry to do patent navigation planning analysis. Zhang Yong said that the implementation of the patent navigation project and the implementation of the results will create an important contribution to the development of China's superhard materials industry for Zhengzhou.
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