Safety Management: Placards and No Placards

The way of safety management is related to the country’s national conditions and safety supervision mechanism. Countries attach great importance to safety in production, but different safety supervision mechanisms have different safety management methods. This article will give a brief introduction to the safety management situation of Germany-US power companies visited.
In Germany's electric power companies, they did not hear or see the introduction of propaganda and slogans related to "dedicated education" and "safety first." However, Mr. Dubsiaff, a director of the Board of Directors of the United Electric Power Company of Germany, stated that the former East Germany has about 30,000 power workers. After the merger of East and West Germany, the German Bavarian Power Company and the Rhine Power Company purchased the former East German power assets. After privatization, only 6,900 electricity workers were left behind, which accounted for only 23% of the total number of employees. Maintenance, infrastructure, repairs, hospitals, and schools were actually stripped. Unemployment is about 20% of the total number of electric power employees in the society. This kind of competition mechanism is itself an excellent professional education.

German companies: No sign of "safety first" In order to ensure the safety of employees, Germany has established a "Labor Protection Law," which is a function of government departments that monitors the safety of production, labor protection, and casualties of all walks of life. .
The National "Precision Machinery and Power Industry Association" (the company pays money, and the company pays 0.94% of the annual sales revenue to the society) implements industry management. The "association" formulates the technical standards and specifications of the power industry, and all power companies must implement them in earnest. At the same time, these standards and norms are also the "legal basis" for the "court" to determine whether or not they correctly observe the industry's actions.
All power companies formulate the “rules”, “systems” and “work regulations” that are as complete and specific as possible based on these laws, standards, and norms. In order to establish a normal corporate production order. The insurance for employees in Germany is mandatory. According to the German legal system, employees must participate in social insurance: "health insurance", "retirement insurance", "transfer insurance" and "disability insurance". The first three kinds of insurance costs are borne by enterprises and individuals, and employees' "disability insurance" is fully borne by the company. The company’s employees suffered casualties and was investigated by relevant local government agencies such as police stations, courts, labor bureaus, and technical supervision companies, insurance companies, and business personnel. The basis for investigation and accident handling is national laws and industry standards and regulations. Instead of using the "administrative" method to analyze and deal with accidents, we look at responsibility from the perspective of "law". In the production work, the safety of the employees is incorporated into the legal management of the country, which greatly improves the safety supervision so that the responsible persons at all levels of the company and the staff in each position are directly responsible for the work they are engaged in and undertake. Corresponding "legal responsibilities."
The company also asked the "consulting company" to evaluate various "procedures" and "systems" of the company. The assessment conclusions should point out what problems exist and what problems they may have. These problems have nothing to do with the company, and they have a question of what “legal liability” the company will bear. It can be seen that in Germany, the safety management of employees is based on the legal system. In Germany, the investigation and analysis of major equipment accidents was carried out mainly by asset owners, insurance companies, industry associations, technical supervision companies, business leaders, and investigation teams composed of relevant government departments.
In the investigation and handling of general equipment accidents, the principle of reinventing countermeasures and light penalties was adopted. However, if the employee is considered "incompetent," and many accidents occur, he will be replaced with a job. It is normal to dismiss workers in Germany. If any damage was discovered, it was sent to the judicial department for processing. The treatment of those responsible for general accidents is: People will inevitably make mistakes, what mistakes they have made, and they hope that the employees themselves will come forward. If there are any violations and faults, do not punish them and do not give them adverse effects. When something went wrong, everyone analyzed the reasons together, what were the problems in the design, equipment, and family, found out the problems, and found measures to prevent the recurrence of the accident. For those who are incompetent or who do not think well, they must be removed from this position within the time limit. The handling of those responsible for general accidents is more “gentle”. This is only a side and a superficial phenomenon. The key to German safety management is the “rule of law”. This is the essence. In Germany, there is no slogan for "safety first," nor has it heard "dedicated" education. In fact, the reason is very simple. Everyone is facing the investigation of the “dismissal” of the company, the “insurance company”, and even the “police station” and “court” of the government.
Germany emphasizes the timely reporting of accidents. There is an “accident reporting schedule” in the control room of the LIPPENDORF thermal power plant. The table shows what kind of accidents occurred, the types of accidents, the severity of the accidents, and immediately reports to the factory, VEAG headquarters, relevant local government agencies, and insurance companies in accordance with the schedule.
U.S. Enterprises: Employees Should Sign the “Safety Oath” The US and Germany’s safety oversight system is roughly the same, but U.S. companies also talk about “safety first” and are even more aggressive than Chinese companies. On the US highway, sometimes there is a "safety first" sign on the factory roof and work site.
U.S. Pacific Natural Gas and Electric Power Co., Ltd. has formulated a "safety vows," signed by the general manager of the company and the general manager responsible for safety, and issued all departments. Each employee of the department is required to sign the “safety vows” and frame them on the wall. At the same time, they are printed in exquisite small cards and sent to every employee. The oath calls for employees: "I always put safety first; I look for and eliminate insecurity; I help and encourage others to work safely." At the same time, it formulated the "Guidelines for the Safety of Pacific Gas and Electric Power Companies." There are seven contents: 1. According to the past situation of the department, formulate the corresponding goals. 2. Through the internal establishment of safety goals in the department to improve the safety expectation system, each employee will use safety performance as a way to take up, promote, and increase salaries. 3, must detect the safety knowledge of managers and provide training to enhance work efficiency. 4. As a condition of employment, "strengthen security" has always attached importance to and implemented safety management. 5, concerned about the suffering of employees. 6. Thoroughly examine the root cause of every incident that threatens the safety of employees and confirm that proper and correct measures have been taken. 7. The safety work of a department should include: Safety is the first to use all aircraft to talk about safety, establish personal safety goals, and promote the interests of the company.
The “Security Policy” developed by the United States Tennessee Valley Authority also clearly states that acceptable safety performance is one of the conditions for employment. The company has a deputy general manager who is in charge of corporate safety production. The person in charge of each department is the person in charge of the safety of the department, and there is one person in the department that manages safety. The company issued a "dividend" linked with security. When a person suffers casualties, it must deduct "dividends" and deduct 25% of the "dividend". When the company recruits employees, safety qualifications are required for new recruits. The company regularly conducts safety training for production personnel. The company also stipulates that at various production conferences, safety must be mentioned first. The company conducts regular safety inspections, checks the production site once a month, and the government also checks once a year. Check whether there are any hidden troubles, find out hidden troubles, and ask the company to study and solve them.
When there are factors that affect safety in the work, it is necessary to stop the work and eliminate the work. On the job site, you can also see banners like "Safety First". At work, some employees violate regulations and even insecure incidents. There are generally three ways to deal with such situations: 1. “Voice notification”: The supervisor instructs employees to identify areas where violations have been committed, so that employees can know what kind of situations exist. Question, but also to tell "safety jobs can be hired." Employees who violate the rules must also verbally indicate that they must “safe work” in the future. 2. “Written Notice”: In writing, the employee should pay attention to safety and indicate that the responsible employee signed the “safety vows” and promised to pay attention to safety. However, if safety is not achieved, he should reflect on it. 3. If an unsafe incident occurs again, the employee will have to stop work for one day and seriously consider whether he can achieve safe production at home. If he tells the company that he cannot guarantee safe production, he must leave the company. In the event of a major security incident, the relevant employees must be expelled immediately. The investigation and analysis of the human casualties or major equipment accidents took place in the same way as in Germany. After the accident, the company also created a "letter" (similar to "accident report") to the company's employees.

Strict implementation of rules and regulations is the basic guarantee for ensuring safe production. The United States and Germany strictly implement various technical specifications, procedures and safety measures in their work. This is the most suitable and effective management method and no longer implements other methods. The rigorous work style of the Germans is known to the world. It is through real work to ensure the safety of production.
Germany attaches importance to the safety signs and facilities at the production site. A stretcher and first aid kit (usually equipped with straps, scissors, bandages) are provided at the gate of the power plant; security warning maps, safety signs, safety warning lines, and eye-catching safety railings are installed throughout the plant; there are acids and alkalis. And chemical workplaces, there are hints of accidental splashes of acid on the skin or face, and prompt wash-ups afterwards; reminders with helmets and instructions to run into safe areas; The cover of the card is not easily damaged by plastic, highlighting the safety atmosphere at the production site. In the United States, there are 1.5m square pattern steel plates on the floor of the substation in the substation to operate the knife gate, which reduces the possible step voltage to the operators; when operating in the high voltage distribution room, the operator must wear a transparent mask and wear it. Anti-arc burned silver protective clothing (appears to be more benzene heavy); electrical laboratory personnel should wear goggles when conducting high-current or high-voltage tests.

The mode of safety management is diversified. The model of safety management in various countries is inseparable from its national conditions and institutions. The way of safety management is determined by the national conditions and safety supervision mechanism. We should learn from our country's national conditions, learn from the advanced foreign security management methods, and improve the company's safe production level.

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