In recent years, perovskite materials have garnered significant interest in photovoltaics and optoelectronics because of their impressive photoelectric properties and the ease with which they can be processed in solutions. Currently, the highest reported photoelectric conversion efficiency for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has surpassed 25%, putting it on par with the performance of commercial polysilicon solar cells. However, enhancing both the efficiency and stability of these devices remains crucial for their commercial viability.
The research group led by Professor Song Yanlin at the Green Printing Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been actively exploring ways to improve the fabrication and performance of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. They achieved in-situ conversion from one-dimensional to three-dimensional perovskites using an organic cation replacement method, resulting in large-area, high-quality perovskite films that significantly boosted the photovoltaic performance of the devices (Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1804454). Additionally, by liquefying the perovskite film with methylamine gas and carefully controlling the evaporation of this gas, they successfully created a large-area perovskite film composed of millimeter-sized single-crystal grains on a titanium dioxide substrate for the first time (Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 5402). Furthermore, advancements have been made in enhancing the performance and stability of tin-based perovskite batteries (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6688).
One limitation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites lies in the poor thermal stability of the films due to the presence of organic cations, which negatively impacts the photovoltaic performance and operational lifespan of the devices. Therefore, developing all-inorganic perovskite batteries by replacing organic cations holds considerable promise. Recently, this research team has made notable strides in fabricating all-inorganic lead perovskite films and studying photovoltaic cells. Using PbI₂, CsI, and dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) as starting materials, they prepared CsPbI₃ perovskite films through vacuum-assisted thermal annealing. By carefully regulating the environmental pressure during the annealing process, they balanced the generation and release rates of organic by-products during the transformation of the perovskite film. This approach facilitated the nucleation and crystallization of perovskites, reduced the density of defect states within the film, and enhanced the carrier lifetime, leading to a remarkable improvement in the photovoltaic performance of the device. Consequently, the photoelectric conversion efficiency rose from 17.26% to 20.06%, while the overall stability of the battery was greatly enhanced.
These findings were published in *Angewandte Chemie International Edition*. The study received support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation.
This image illustrates the process of preparing perovskite films and demonstrates how these improvements translate into better solar cell properties.
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