1. Foam fire extinguisher
Principle of fire extinguishing: During fire extinguishing, a large amount of carbon dioxide and foam can be injected. They can adhere to flammable materials and isolate flammable materials from air to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.
Scope of application: It can be used to extinguish the fire caused by the burning of wood, cotton cloth, etc. Such a fire extinguisher chemically reacts by mixing an acidic solution with an alkaline solution in the cylinder, and presses the generated foam out of the nozzle and ejects it to extinguish the fire. In addition to fighting fires of general solid materials, it can also fight flammable liquid fires such as oils, but it cannot prevent the fire of charged devices and organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters and ethers. There are three types of foam fire extinguishers: MP portable, MPZ portable, and MPT portable. The following is a brief description of its use and precautions in the case of an MP type handheld.
The MP type portable foam fire extinguisher is mainly composed of a cylinder body, a cover, a bottle liner and a nozzle. The tube is equipped with an alkaline solution, the bottle is filled with an acidic solution, and the bottle is covered with a bottle cap to prevent the acidic solution from evaporating or splashing and mixing with the alkaline solution. When using a fire extinguisher, hold the ring in one hand, grasp the bottom in one hand, and turn the fire extinguisher upside down. Gently shake it for a few times to spray foam and extinguish the fire.
The principle and use of foam fire extinguisher
Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3==3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑
Based on the fact that carbon dioxide neither burns nor supports combustion, people have developed a variety of carbon dioxide extinguishers, foam fire extinguishers, dry powder fire extinguishers, and liquid carbon dioxide extinguishers. The following briefly introduces the principle and use of foam fire extinguishers.
There are two containers in the foam fire extinguisher, which hold two kinds of liquids respectively. They are aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate solution. The two solutions do not contact each other and no chemical reaction takes place. (You must not touch the foam fire extinguisher at ordinary times.) When a foam fire extinguisher is needed, turn the fire extinguisher upside down. Mixing the two solutions together produces a large amount of carbon dioxide gas:
Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3==3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑
In addition to the two reactants, some foaming agents have also been added to the fire extinguisher. When the switch is turned on, the foam is ejected from the fire extinguisher and covered with the burning article, so that the burning substance is isolated from the air and the temperature is lowered to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire. Because the foam fired by the foam fire extinguisher contains a lot of water, it is not as good as a carbon dioxide liquid fire extinguisher, which does not contaminate the material after fire extinguishing and leaves no trace.
2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
Fire extinguishing principle
When pressurized, the liquid carbon dioxide is compressed in a small cylinder, and then it is sprayed when the fire is extinguished, which has the effect of cooling and insulating the air.
Scope of application
Used to extinguish initial fires of books, archives, valuable equipment, precision instruments, electrical equipment under 600 volts, and oils.
Instructions:
In use, the fire extinguisher should first be referred to the fire location, put down the fire extinguisher, pull out the insurance pin, one hand holding the handle of the horn at the root, and the other hand gripping the pressure of the on-off valve. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without jet hose, pull the horn up 70 to 90 degrees. When using, you can't directly grab the outer wall of the horn or the metal connecting pipe to prevent the hands from frostbite. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, it should be chosen to spray in the upwind direction when it is used outdoors; if it is used in a narrow space indoors, the operator should leave immediately after the fire to prevent suffocation.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent is an extinguishing agent with a history of more than one hundred years. It is cheap, easy to obtain and prepare, and it mainly extinguishes fire by using suffocation and partial cooling. Carbon dioxide has a high density, about 1.5 times that of air. Under normal pressure, liquid carbon dioxide will vaporize immediately, and generally 1 kg of liquid carbon dioxide will produce about 0.5 cubic meters of gas. Therefore, when the fire is extinguished, the carbon dioxide gas can exclude the air and surround the surface of the burning object or is distributed in a relatively closed space, reducing the concentration of oxygen around the combustible or in the shielding space, and generating a choking effect to extinguish the fire. In addition, when the carbon dioxide is ejected from the storage container, the liquid rapidly vaporizes into a gas and attracts a part of heat from the surroundings to play a cooling role.
3, dry powder fire extinguisher (dry powder fire extinguisher)
Fire extinguishing principle: Use compressed carbon dioxide to blow dry powder (mainly containing sodium bicarbonate or diammonium phosphate) to extinguish the fire.
Scope of application: Can extinguish the general fire, but also extinguish the fire caused by the combustion of oil, gas and so on.
Dry powder fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas as the power to spray dry powder in the cylinder. Dry powder is a dry, easy-to-flow fine solid powder consisting of a base material capable of extinguishing fire and additives such as a moisture-proof agent, a flow promoter and an agglomeration inhibitor. It is mainly used to extinguish initial fires of flammable liquids such as petroleum and organic solvents, combustible gases, and electrical equipment. Dry powder fire extinguishers are divided into three types: portable, backpack, and cart.
When using an external portable fire extinguisher, hold the nozzle in one hand and lift the ring with the other hand. The dry powder can be sprayed.
When using a cart type fire extinguisher, place the rear part toward the ignition source (upwind direction should be placed outdoors), remove the gun first, unfold the powder tube (remember that there is no twisting phenomenon), and then lift the air intake lever to bring the carbon dioxide into Storage tank, when the gauge pressure rose to 0. At 7 MPa to 1 MPa, lower the intake pressure lever to stop the intake air. At this time, the switch is turned on and the dry powder is sprayed. The fire is thrown from near to far. If you are fighting an oil fire, do not let the air flow of dry powder directly hit the oil, so as not to splash oil surface to spread the fire.
When using a backpack fire extinguisher, stand 5m to 6m away from the edge of the flame and hold the dry powder gun grip with your right hand (if you are nitrogen-powered, you can only hold the wooden handle, otherwise you may be injured by cold gas). Move the changeover switch to the “3†position (injection sequence 3, 2, 1), turn on the safety device, aim the gun at the fire source, pull the trigger, and dry the powder. If spraying a bottle of dry powder can extinguish the fire, switch the switch to No. 2 or No. 1 and spray continuously until it is finished.
Note: The Li-Ion battery warehouse is on fire and the dry powder fire extinguisher cannot be effectively extinguished. When the fire is large, it is more difficult to extinguish the fire.
4, halogenated agent extinguisher (halogenated agent extinguisher)
Halon fire extinguisher: The fire extinguishing agent filled in such fire extinguisher is halogenated fire extinguishing agent. There are many types of fire extinguishing agents in this category, but China has only developed two types. One is difluoro-chloro-chloro-methane, which is referred to as "1211 fire extinguisher and 1301 fire extinguisher."
The haloalkane fire extinguishing agent is a general term for a compound having a certain fire extinguishing ability generated by replacing some or all of the hydrogen atoms in some lower alkane compound molecules with a halogen atom. Halogen atoms in haloalkane fire extinguishing agents are usually fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms.
The experimental and practical application results show that haloalkane 1211 is a good fire extinguishing agent with a wide range of applications. It has high fire extinguishing efficiency and high extinguishing speed. When the fire extinguishing agent concentration in the fire prevention zone reaches the critical fire extinguishing value, generally 5% of the volume can extinguish the flame in a few seconds or even shorter. Haloalkane 1211 extinguishing is not mainly achieved by physical actions such as cooling, diluting oxygen, or insulating air, but it is extinguishing fire by suppressing the chemical reaction process of combustion and interrupting the combustion chain reaction. It belongs to chemical fire extinguishing.
Haloalkane 1211 is a colorless, slightly aromatic gas under standard conditions, and can be liquefied and stored in a pressure vessel after pressure or refrigeration.
Principle of fire extinguishing: During fire extinguishing, a large amount of carbon dioxide and foam can be injected. They can adhere to flammable materials and isolate flammable materials from air to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.
Scope of application: It can be used to extinguish the fire caused by the burning of wood, cotton cloth, etc. Such a fire extinguisher chemically reacts by mixing an acidic solution with an alkaline solution in the cylinder, and presses the generated foam out of the nozzle and ejects it to extinguish the fire. In addition to fighting fires of general solid materials, it can also fight flammable liquid fires such as oils, but it cannot prevent the fire of charged devices and organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters and ethers. There are three types of foam fire extinguishers: MP portable, MPZ portable, and MPT portable. The following is a brief description of its use and precautions in the case of an MP type handheld.
The MP type portable foam fire extinguisher is mainly composed of a cylinder body, a cover, a bottle liner and a nozzle. The tube is equipped with an alkaline solution, the bottle is filled with an acidic solution, and the bottle is covered with a bottle cap to prevent the acidic solution from evaporating or splashing and mixing with the alkaline solution. When using a fire extinguisher, hold the ring in one hand, grasp the bottom in one hand, and turn the fire extinguisher upside down. Gently shake it for a few times to spray foam and extinguish the fire.
The principle and use of foam fire extinguisher
Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3==3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑
Based on the fact that carbon dioxide neither burns nor supports combustion, people have developed a variety of carbon dioxide extinguishers, foam fire extinguishers, dry powder fire extinguishers, and liquid carbon dioxide extinguishers. The following briefly introduces the principle and use of foam fire extinguishers.
There are two containers in the foam fire extinguisher, which hold two kinds of liquids respectively. They are aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate solution. The two solutions do not contact each other and no chemical reaction takes place. (You must not touch the foam fire extinguisher at ordinary times.) When a foam fire extinguisher is needed, turn the fire extinguisher upside down. Mixing the two solutions together produces a large amount of carbon dioxide gas:
Al2(SO4)3+6NaHCO3==3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑
In addition to the two reactants, some foaming agents have also been added to the fire extinguisher. When the switch is turned on, the foam is ejected from the fire extinguisher and covered with the burning article, so that the burning substance is isolated from the air and the temperature is lowered to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire. Because the foam fired by the foam fire extinguisher contains a lot of water, it is not as good as a carbon dioxide liquid fire extinguisher, which does not contaminate the material after fire extinguishing and leaves no trace.
2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
Fire extinguishing principle
When pressurized, the liquid carbon dioxide is compressed in a small cylinder, and then it is sprayed when the fire is extinguished, which has the effect of cooling and insulating the air.
Scope of application
Used to extinguish initial fires of books, archives, valuable equipment, precision instruments, electrical equipment under 600 volts, and oils.
Instructions:
In use, the fire extinguisher should first be referred to the fire location, put down the fire extinguisher, pull out the insurance pin, one hand holding the handle of the horn at the root, and the other hand gripping the pressure of the on-off valve. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without jet hose, pull the horn up 70 to 90 degrees. When using, you can't directly grab the outer wall of the horn or the metal connecting pipe to prevent the hands from frostbite. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, it should be chosen to spray in the upwind direction when it is used outdoors; if it is used in a narrow space indoors, the operator should leave immediately after the fire to prevent suffocation.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent is an extinguishing agent with a history of more than one hundred years. It is cheap, easy to obtain and prepare, and it mainly extinguishes fire by using suffocation and partial cooling. Carbon dioxide has a high density, about 1.5 times that of air. Under normal pressure, liquid carbon dioxide will vaporize immediately, and generally 1 kg of liquid carbon dioxide will produce about 0.5 cubic meters of gas. Therefore, when the fire is extinguished, the carbon dioxide gas can exclude the air and surround the surface of the burning object or is distributed in a relatively closed space, reducing the concentration of oxygen around the combustible or in the shielding space, and generating a choking effect to extinguish the fire. In addition, when the carbon dioxide is ejected from the storage container, the liquid rapidly vaporizes into a gas and attracts a part of heat from the surroundings to play a cooling role.
3, dry powder fire extinguisher (dry powder fire extinguisher)
Fire extinguishing principle: Use compressed carbon dioxide to blow dry powder (mainly containing sodium bicarbonate or diammonium phosphate) to extinguish the fire.
Scope of application: Can extinguish the general fire, but also extinguish the fire caused by the combustion of oil, gas and so on.
Dry powder fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas as the power to spray dry powder in the cylinder. Dry powder is a dry, easy-to-flow fine solid powder consisting of a base material capable of extinguishing fire and additives such as a moisture-proof agent, a flow promoter and an agglomeration inhibitor. It is mainly used to extinguish initial fires of flammable liquids such as petroleum and organic solvents, combustible gases, and electrical equipment. Dry powder fire extinguishers are divided into three types: portable, backpack, and cart.
When using an external portable fire extinguisher, hold the nozzle in one hand and lift the ring with the other hand. The dry powder can be sprayed.
When using a cart type fire extinguisher, place the rear part toward the ignition source (upwind direction should be placed outdoors), remove the gun first, unfold the powder tube (remember that there is no twisting phenomenon), and then lift the air intake lever to bring the carbon dioxide into Storage tank, when the gauge pressure rose to 0. At 7 MPa to 1 MPa, lower the intake pressure lever to stop the intake air. At this time, the switch is turned on and the dry powder is sprayed. The fire is thrown from near to far. If you are fighting an oil fire, do not let the air flow of dry powder directly hit the oil, so as not to splash oil surface to spread the fire.
When using a backpack fire extinguisher, stand 5m to 6m away from the edge of the flame and hold the dry powder gun grip with your right hand (if you are nitrogen-powered, you can only hold the wooden handle, otherwise you may be injured by cold gas). Move the changeover switch to the “3†position (injection sequence 3, 2, 1), turn on the safety device, aim the gun at the fire source, pull the trigger, and dry the powder. If spraying a bottle of dry powder can extinguish the fire, switch the switch to No. 2 or No. 1 and spray continuously until it is finished.
Note: The Li-Ion battery warehouse is on fire and the dry powder fire extinguisher cannot be effectively extinguished. When the fire is large, it is more difficult to extinguish the fire.
4, halogenated agent extinguisher (halogenated agent extinguisher)
Halon fire extinguisher: The fire extinguishing agent filled in such fire extinguisher is halogenated fire extinguishing agent. There are many types of fire extinguishing agents in this category, but China has only developed two types. One is difluoro-chloro-chloro-methane, which is referred to as "1211 fire extinguisher and 1301 fire extinguisher."
The haloalkane fire extinguishing agent is a general term for a compound having a certain fire extinguishing ability generated by replacing some or all of the hydrogen atoms in some lower alkane compound molecules with a halogen atom. Halogen atoms in haloalkane fire extinguishing agents are usually fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms.
The experimental and practical application results show that haloalkane 1211 is a good fire extinguishing agent with a wide range of applications. It has high fire extinguishing efficiency and high extinguishing speed. When the fire extinguishing agent concentration in the fire prevention zone reaches the critical fire extinguishing value, generally 5% of the volume can extinguish the flame in a few seconds or even shorter. Haloalkane 1211 extinguishing is not mainly achieved by physical actions such as cooling, diluting oxygen, or insulating air, but it is extinguishing fire by suppressing the chemical reaction process of combustion and interrupting the combustion chain reaction. It belongs to chemical fire extinguishing.
Haloalkane 1211 is a colorless, slightly aromatic gas under standard conditions, and can be liquefied and stored in a pressure vessel after pressure or refrigeration.
Silicon dioxide nano particles are known as Nano Silica, it is also called Silica Nano-Particles. It is used particularly in the Biomedical researches. This nano silica is expected to be very much stable and to have very low level of toxicity. It is also used as concrete or cement admixture with aim to improve concrete pressure strength.
Nano Silica
Nano Silica,Silica Nano-Particles,Concrete Nano Silica,Nano Silica SP30
Shandong Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.tianchengchemical.com