Effective measures to prevent fertilizer damage include the following:
Organic fertilizers should be applied to vegetable fields, as they decompose into organic colloids that have a strong ability to adsorb cations. When chemical fertilizers are added to the soil, these cations are largely absorbed by the organic colloids, which reduces the concentration of the soil solution. This helps maintain a balanced nutrient environment and prevents excessive salt buildup, thereby reducing the risk of fertilizer burn.
Proper application is also crucial. The amount of chemical fertilizers used in vegetable fields should be strictly controlled, and the concentration must be within safe limits. For example, ammonium carbonate should not exceed 30 kg per acre, ammonium sulfate should not go beyond 20 kg, and urea should be limited to 10 kg per acre. These guidelines help avoid over-fertilization and protect plant roots from damage.
Uniform distribution of fertilizer is equally important. Fertilizers should be applied evenly across the field, mixed thoroughly into the soil, and distributed throughout the tillage layer. This ensures even nutrient availability and avoids localized high concentrations that can harm plants. Additionally, watering after fertilization is essential to dilute the soil solution and further reduce the risk of fertilizer damage.
By following these practices, farmers can effectively minimize the risk of fertilizer damage while maintaining healthy crop growth.
Vegetable Bureau of Xiajin County, Shandong Province
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