Effective measures to prevent fertilizer damage include the following:
Applying organic fertilizer to vegetable fields can significantly reduce the risk of chemical burn. During the decomposition process, organic matter forms organic colloids, which have a strong ability to adsorb cations. When chemical fertilizers are applied, these cations are mostly absorbed by the organic colloids, reducing the concentration of the soil solution. This helps maintain a balanced nutrient level in the soil and enhances its buffering capacity, thereby minimizing the chances of fertilizer damage.
Proper application of chemical fertilizers is essential. In vegetable fields, it's important to use them in limited amounts and at appropriate concentrations. Overuse can lead to high salt levels in the soil, which may harm plant roots. For example, ammonium carbonate should not exceed 30 kg per acre, ammonium sulfate should be limited to 20 kg, and urea should not go beyond 10 kg per acre.
Uniform distribution of fertilizer is also crucial. When applying fertilizers, they should be incorporated into the soil evenly, preferably in layers or deep within the tillage zone. This ensures even nutrient distribution and prevents localized high concentrations that could cause root burn. It’s also important to water the soil after fertilization to dilute the solution and maintain moisture, further reducing the risk of damage.
In addition, proper management practices such as crop rotation and soil testing can help monitor and maintain soil health. Farmers should also consider using slow-release or controlled-release fertilizers, which release nutrients gradually and reduce the risk of over-fertilization.
By combining these strategies—organic matter addition, proper dosing, uniform application, and adequate irrigation—farmers can effectively prevent fertilizer damage and promote sustainable vegetable production.
Xiajin County Vegetable Bureau, Shandong Province
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