The **China Security Exhibition Reuters** reported that the 45th meeting of the Digital Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS), which began on June 20, has been significantly influenced by the AVS video coding standard developed by Chinese scientists. This standard, recognized and published by the international electronics and information academic organization IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), is set to revolutionize the video surveillance industry from a technological perspective. It also reflects the ongoing process of video standardization in China and the continuous efforts in this field.
The new standard is expected to reshape the landscape of the video surveillance industry from its technological foundation. Video encoding, also known as video compression, is a crucial technology that reduces large volumes of video data for efficient transmission and storage. It plays a vital role in modern digital TV and online video services. According to the IEEE 1857 Working Group and Academician Gao Wen from Peking University, the system standards established by the AVS Working Group have successfully passed the IEEE Standards Association voting process. The release of IEEE 1857 marks a significant milestone, showing that Chinese scientists now hold leading organizational capabilities and international influence in the field of video coding technology. This achievement represents an important step forward in China’s high-tech innovation strategy.
According to Professor Huang Tiejun, Secretary of the IEEE 1857 Working Group and Director of the Digital Media Research Institute at Peking University, the IEEE 1857 standard is the culmination of a decade of work by the AVS Working Group and a landmark achievement for the AVS Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance’s international expansion. Unlike other global standards that aim to cover a wide range of applications with a single format, AVS takes a more tailored approach, combining specific codec tools for different application types. In addition to supporting digital TV, IEEE 1857 introduces two new levels for mobile communications and video surveillance. Notably, it offers twice the compression efficiency for surveillance video compared to similar international standards, placing China at the forefront of the field. This advancement is expected to transform the video surveillance industry from a technological standpoint.
Established in 2002 with support from the Ministry of Information Industry and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the AVS Standards Working Group developed the first video coding standard in 2006, which was later adopted as a national standard. In 2009, it was approved by the ITU as one of the standards for IPTV. In 2011, it was designated as the only video decoding standard required for China’s digital TV and related devices. In 2012, an enhanced version of AVS was issued as an industry standard by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, with CCTV conducting pilot broadcasts. Globally, over 20 AVS chip manufacturers exist, and more than 1,000 digital TV programs using AVS are broadcast across 20 provinces in China and five other countries.
**Video Surveillance Standardization Work**
As digital video surveillance continues to evolve, corresponding standards have also been continuously introduced and refined. While these systems share some technical achievements with broadcast television, they focus more on audio and video compression and transmission standards. However, due to the need for large-scale networking, standards for network control protocols have only recently emerged.
**1. Video and Audio Encoding and Decoding Standards**
The video/audio codec standard serves as the fundamental "language" for all video content. Without a unified standard, layered translations are required, making long-term maintenance complex and inefficient. From early stages like MPEG-II and MPEG-IV to the widely used H.264, video coding has gone through multiple iterations. Due to the lack of early transmission and encapsulation standards, interoperability between different systems was challenging, requiring separate equipment for each line and complicating system management.
H.264, introduced nearly a decade ago, is currently the most widely used and advanced video coding technology. Although H.265 was officially released in March 2013, its large-scale commercial use is expected to take 3–5 years. H.264 offers significantly reduced bitrates while maintaining image quality, saving storage and bandwidth—critical for large-scale video surveillance systems.
H.264 defines various profiles such as baseline, main, and high, allowing flexibility in choosing specific profiles and parameters based on application needs. For example, high-profile streams can be used for detailed video storage, while low-latency constrained baseline profiles meet real-time browsing requirements.
Due to its maturity, many vendors support H.264, along with SVAC and AVS, giving users more choices in standardization alliances both domestically and internationally. Interoperability between different vendors is well-supported, making H.264 a strong candidate for rail transit systems, with additional improvements in signaling, transmission, and file encapsulation.
**2. System Control Protocol**
As the security industry moves toward networking, a lack of standardized communication between IP security devices from different manufacturers has become a challenge. In September 2008, ONVIF was jointly initiated by companies like Hikvision, AXIS, BOSCH, and SONY, forming a major international standardization initiative. Additionally, PSIA, led by over 60 companies including Cisco and Honeywell, has also emerged.
ONVIF defines a common protocol for device communication, enabling features like device search, real-time video, metadata, and control. This allows end-users, integrators, and manufacturers to expand functionality flexibly and reduce system management costs. However, ONVIF primarily focuses on device-level interfaces and lacks robust multi-level system management, permission allocation, and video calling features commonly found in China.
**Development of Domestic Video Surveillance Standards**
Domestic video surveillance standards lag behind, especially in the area of digital video networking. Initially focused on local standards and video quality, the development has gradually shifted toward defining overall system structures and networking standards. On June 1, 2012, GB/T 28181-2011 was implemented, building upon the GA/T 669.1-2008 series. It provides a scalable, industry-wide networking system with detailed descriptions of networking protocols and architecture. However, compared to earlier versions, it is more simplified, suggesting the need for follow-up standards to fully address its scope.
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