The **China Security Exhibition Reuters** reported that the 45th meeting of the Digital Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS), held from June 20, has been significantly influenced by the AVS video coding standard developed by Chinese scientists, which has now been recognized and published by the international electronics and information academic organization, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). This new standard is expected to reshape the video surveillance industry from a technological perspective, redefining China’s video standardization process and continuing its standardization efforts.
**The New Standard Is Expected to Change the Video Surveillance Industry Landscape from the Source of Technology**
Video encoding, also known as video compression, is a crucial technology that reduces large volumes of video data for efficient transmission and storage. It plays a vital role in modern society, enabling everything from digital TV to online streaming. According to the IEEE 1857 Working Group and Academician Gao Wen from Peking University, the system standards set by the AVS Working Group have already passed the IEEE Standards Association voting process. The release of IEEE 1857 marks a significant milestone, showing that Chinese scientists now hold leading organizational capabilities and international influence in video coding technology. This achievement highlights the progress of China's innovation strategy in high-tech fields.
According to Professor Huang Tiejun, Secretary of the IEEE 1857 Working Group and Director of the Digital Media Research Institute at Peking University, the IEEE 1857 standard represents a decade of work by the AVS Working Group and is a landmark achievement for the AVS Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance. Unlike other international standards that aim to cover multiple applications with a single framework, AVS takes a more tailored approach, using vertical combinations of codec tools to meet specific application needs. In addition to digital TV, IEEE 1857 includes two new levels for mobile communications and video surveillance. Notably, it offers twice the compression efficiency for surveillance video compared to similar international standards, placing China ahead of the global competition and potentially transforming the video surveillance industry from the ground up.
Established in 2002 with support from the Ministry of Information Industry and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the AVS Standards Working Group developed its first video coding standard in 2006, which became a national standard. In 2009, the standard was approved by the ITU as one of the adopted standards for IPTV. In 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology designated it as the only video decoding standard required for China’s digital TV and audiovisual terminals. By 2012, an enhanced version of AVS was released as an industry standard by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, with CCTV conducting pilot broadcasts. Globally, over 20 AVS chip manufacturers exist, and more than 1,000 digital TV programs are broadcasted using AVS across 20 provinces in China and five other countries.
**Video Surveillance Standardization Work**
The continuous development of digital video surveillance involves ongoing improvements in corresponding standards. While both broadcast television and digital surveillance systems focus on audio and video compression and transmission standards, they share some technical achievements. However, for video surveillance, networking control protocols suitable for large-scale deployment have only recently emerged. Below is a brief overview of the standardization work involved in video surveillance network control.
**1. Video and Audio Encoding and Decoding Standards**
The video/audio codec standard serves as the fundamental "language" for all video information. Without a unified language, layered translation becomes necessary, making long-term maintenance complex, especially with early non-standardized formats. From rail transit to video coding standards, the evolution has included MPEG-II, MPEG-IV, and H.264. Due to the lack of early transmission and encapsulation standards, different systems could not interoperate, forcing operation centers to use multiple devices, increasing operational complexity.
H.264 has been widely used for nearly a decade and remains the most advanced video coding technology. Although H.265 was officially released in March 2013, it will take 3–5 years before it becomes widely commercialized. H.264 offers half the bitstream of MPEG-4 at the same image quality, saving significant storage and bandwidth—critical for large-scale networked video surveillance systems.
H.264 defines multiple profiles such as baseline, main, and high, offering flexibility for different applications. For example, the high-profile can be used for high-compression video storage, while the constrained baseline profile ensures low-latency real-time browsing.
Due to the maturity of H.264, many vendors support SVAC, AVS, and other standards, giving users more choices in standardization alliances. H.264 implementation is becoming standardized, ensuring better interoperability between different vendors.
Based on these factors, rail transit should adopt H.264 as the basic coding framework and build upon it with relevant signaling, transmission, and file encapsulation standards.
**2. System Control Protocol**
As the security industry moves toward networking, a standard for communication between IP security devices from different manufacturers is still lacking. In September 2008, ONVIF was jointly initiated by companies like Hikvision, AXIS, BOSCH, and SONY, forming a major international standardization initiative with widespread participation. ONVIF version 2.2 has been released, along with PSIA, initiated by over 60 companies including Cisco and Honeywell.
ONVIF defines a common protocol for exchanging information between network video devices, including device search, real-time video, audio, metadata, and control. This allows end users, integrators, and manufacturers to expand functionality more flexibly and openly, reducing system management costs and providing cost-effective, flexible solutions.
ONVIF is widely supported by mainstream video equipment manufacturers and has become the de facto interface standard for front-end, storage, and back-end devices. However, ONVIF focuses more on device-to-device communication rather than system-level management, lacking features like multi-level system management and video calling that are well addressed in China.
**Development of Domestic Video Surveillance Standards**
Domestic video surveillance standardization lags, particularly in the networking control of digital systems, where national standards are still lacking. Initially, local standards were developed, focusing on video quality, key coverage, and mandatory functions. Over time, the focus has shifted to defining the overall system architecture and developing system-level networking standards.
On June 1, 2012, the "Technical Requirements for Information Transmission and Switching Control of Security Surveillance Video Surveillance Networking System" (GB/T 28181-2011) was officially implemented. GB/T 28181 builds on the GA/T 669.1-2008 series and outlines a scalable, industry-wide networking system capable of reaching national scale. While simpler than the 669 series, it is believed that follow-up standards will be needed to further clarify and enhance its implementation.
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