One effective way to extend the life of a filament is by reducing its temperature. For instance, when the working temperature of tungsten wire reaches 2700°C, the lamp may only last less than an hour. However, if the temperature is lowered to 1700°C, the lifespan can be significantly extended—up to over 1000 hours. This seems like a simple solution, but it comes with a trade-off.
Lowering the operating temperature of the tungsten wire means reducing its brightness. The incandescent lamp becomes dimmer, and its overall luminous efficiency drops dramatically. At high temperatures, the filament glows brightly, emitting more light. But as the temperature decreases, so does the amount of visible light produced.
This creates a clear dilemma: to make the lamp brighter, the filament must operate at a higher temperature, which shortens its lifespan. On the other hand, to increase the lamp’s longevity, the temperature must be reduced, which makes it less efficient and dimmer. It's a classic conflict between performance and durability. Engineers have long struggled with this issue, trying to find a balance that satisfies both requirements without compromising on either.
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