**Abstract**
1. Polysilicon prices initially rose, reaching 138,000 yuan/ton by the end of February 2013. In March, prices continued to grow moderately, surpassing 140,000 yuan/ton by the end of the month and peaking at 142,800 yuan/ton. This upward trend was not accidental. It was driven by expectations surrounding China’s “double anti-dumping†investigation into imports from the U.S., South Korea, and the EU, as well as the government's six supporting policies aimed at boosting the photovoltaic (PV) industry. These factors created a favorable environment for polysilicon price increases. However, by early April, the market began to cool, with some manufacturers lowering prices. The average price dropped to 137,000 yuan/ton, signaling a shift in market sentiment.
**Main Reasons for the Rise in Polysilicon Prices in March**
1. The Chinese government’s ongoing investigation into the “double anti-dumping†of polysilicon imports from the U.S., South Korea, and the EU, along with the EU’s anti-dumping case against China’s PV products, generated optimism within the industry. Although no official news had been released, consultations were ongoing, and China’s delay in finalizing its response provided a window for the EU to consider future sanctions. This led to increased confidence among polysilicon producers, who started planning for production resumption and adjusting supply levels to maintain price stability before the results were announced.
2. On March 6, the EU introduced mandatory registration for solar panels imported from China, with anti-dumping investigation results expected by June. If temporary duties are imposed, Chinese manufacturers could face retroactive tariffs, which would further strain their export situation. However, in the long term, this impact is expected to be limited due to growing domestic demand in China and supportive policies such as VAT exemptions and higher export tax rebates for the PV sector.
3. On March 11, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice on improving the pricing policy for photovoltaic power generation. This notice established a tiered grid tariff system based on regional solar resources, marking a shift from the previous uniform 1 yuan/kWh rate. While the self-use electricity subsidy was slightly reduced to 0.35 yuan/kWh, the move encouraged market-based pricing and bidding mechanisms, aiming to promote a more sustainable PV industry.
**Main Reasons for the Decline in Polysilicon Prices in April**
The decline in polysilicon prices in April was influenced by several factors. Delays in China’s “double anti-dumping†investigations, weaker-than-expected support policies for the PV industry, and the postponement of preliminary rulings by foreign countries led to increased uncertainty. Additionally, Chinese polysilicon exporters faced pressure to reduce prices to remain competitive, especially after import prices from the U.S. fell to $17.7/kg in February 2013. This put significant downward pressure on domestic producers, prompting them to lower quotes and delay production plans.
**Import Trends and Price Movements**
According to customs data, China’s polysilicon imports in March 2013 totaled 6,433 tons, down 19.49% from the previous month and 15.93% year-on-year. The average import price rebounded to $19.39/kg, up 9.55% from the previous month but down 31% from the same period in 2012. South Korea, the U.S., and Germany remained the top three sources, accounting for 83.67% of total imports. South Korea’s import volume reached 2,184 tons, overtaking the U.S. and Germany for the first time since January 2012. Meanwhile, U.S. imports fell sharply, while German imports saw a modest increase in price.
**EU’s Anti-Dumping Investigation Intensifies**
Recent developments show that the EU has intensified its anti-dumping and countervailing investigations against Chinese PV products. An open letter from over 700 European PV companies urged the EU to avoid punitive tariffs, arguing that they would harm the European solar industry. The EU also expanded its mandatory import registration for Chinese PV products, increasing the risk of retroactive penalties if anti-dumping duties are imposed.
**Market Outlook for Polysilicon**
Despite the challenges, the Chinese government has shown strong support for the PV industry through various policies, including subsidies, technological innovation incentives, and regional electricity price adjustments. These measures aim to stabilize the market and encourage sustainable growth. The key to long-term recovery lies in the resurgence of terminal demand. With global PV markets expected to grow steadily over the next few years, the industry is gradually moving toward a more balanced supply-demand structure, which should lead to improved profitability and stronger market confidence.
Rotary Rings
Rotary Rings are a type of rotating seal widely used in various rotating equipment, such as rotary joints, rotary couplings, rotary connectors, etc. Its main function is to prevent liquid or gas leakage and maintain the normal operation of the equipment. In different applications, the material, structure, sealing method, size, etc. of Rotary Rings vary to adapt to different working conditions.
1. Material classification
The materials of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into two categories: metallic and non-metallic.
1. Metal materials
Metal materials mainly include stainless steel, steel, copper, aluminum, etc., which have characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and are suitable for rotary seals in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and high-speed.
2. Non metallic materials
Non metallic materials mainly include ceramics, silicon carbide, graphite, etc., which have characteristics such as high hardness, high wear resistance, and low friction coefficient. They are suitable for rotary seals under conditions such as low temperature, low pressure, and high speed.
2. Structural classification
The structure of Rotary Rings is mainly divided into three types: unidirectional rotation, bidirectional rotation, and rotational stationary.
1. Unidirectional rotating structure
The Rotary Rings with a unidirectional rotation structure can only rotate in one direction and are suitable for devices with only unidirectional rotation.
2. Bidirectional rotation structure
The Rotary Rings with a bidirectional rotation structure can rotate in two directions, suitable for devices that require bidirectional rotation.
3. Rotating stationary structure
The Rotary Rings with a rotating stationary structure are composed of a rotating ring and a stationary ring. The rotating ring contacts the stationary ring during rotation to achieve sealing, suitable for equipment that requires a rotating stationary seal.
3. Classification of sealing methods
The sealing methods of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into mechanical sealing and liquid sealing.
1. Mechanical seal
Mechanical sealing is achieved through the contact surface between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of high reliability, long service life, and simple maintenance. It is suitable for rotary sealing in harsh environments such as high speed, high temperature, and high pressure.
2. Liquid sealing
Liquid sealing is achieved by injecting liquid between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of good sealing performance, low friction coefficient, and preventing dry friction. It is suitable for rotary sealing under low speed, low temperature, low pressure, and other conditions.
4. Size classification
The size of Rotary Rings is mainly determined by the equipment requirements, including inner diameter, outer diameter, thickness, shaft diameter, etc.
Rotary Rings, as an important type of rotary seal, are widely used, with different materials, structures, sealing methods, dimensions, etc. to adapt to different working conditions. When selecting Rotary Rings, it is necessary to make the selection based on specific equipment requirements to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
Rotary Seals,Rotary Lip Seal,Rotating Shaft Seal,V Seals
DG Zhongxingshun Sealing Products Factory , https://www.zxs-seal.com