The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Internet of Things outlines twelve key application areas, including smart grids, transportation, logistics, healthcare, smart homes, environmental and safety monitoring, precision agriculture, industrial automation, financial services, public security, defense, and smart cities. This article will focus on the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan and explore several IoT applications in detail.
At its core, the Internet of Things aims to create a communication bridge between objects, marking an inevitable evolution in the era of integrated networks. It expands communication beyond people-to-people interactions to include person-to-object and object-to-object connectivity, paving the way for a more intelligent, connected, and human-centered lifestyle that enhances both work and daily living.
**Smart Grid**
A smart grid is an advanced power system, often referred to as "Grid 2.0." It relies on a high-speed, two-way communication network, advanced sensing technologies, and modern control systems to improve reliability, safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Its key features include self-healing capabilities, user participation, resilience against attacks, and the ability to meet 21st-century electricity demands with high-quality service. It also supports diverse energy sources, facilitates electricity market operations, and optimizes asset management.
The State Grid Electric Power Research Institute has developed a new type of grid that integrates physical infrastructure with advanced sensor technology, communication, IT, and control systems. This smart grid is designed to meet user needs, optimize resource allocation, ensure safe and reliable power supply, support clean energy growth, and enable interactive and value-added services.
Compared to traditional grids, smart grids exhibit strong integration of power flow, information flow, and business flow. Their advantages include:
1. A robust infrastructure capable of withstanding external threats and supporting large-scale renewable energy integration.
2. Advanced integration of IT, sensors, and control systems allows real-time grid monitoring, early fault detection, and rapid self-recovery to prevent large-scale outages.
3. Flexible AC/DC transmission, network coordination, and intelligent dispatch enhance grid flexibility and efficiency, accommodating distributed energy resources and electric vehicle charging.
4. Improved use of communication and management technologies boosts equipment efficiency, reduces energy loss, and improves overall economic performance.
5. Real-time data sharing provides comprehensive grid status visibility, aiding decision-making and operational planning.
6. Two-way interaction enables users to monitor power quality, pricing, and outages, while utilities gain detailed consumption insights to offer better services.
Due to its complexity, each grid operator must develop a strategic plan tailored to their specific conditions, implementing smart grid solutions step by step.
**Smart Substation**
A smart substation is a highly advanced, reliable, and eco-friendly facility. It digitizes station information, uses a networked communication platform, and ensures standardized information sharing. It automatically handles tasks like data collection, measurement, control, protection, and monitoring, while supporting advanced functions such as real-time grid control, intelligent adjustment, and online decision-making.
Key technologies include smart transformers, circuit breakers, electronic sensors, and a unified information platform.
**Smart Meter**
Smart meters support bidirectional power flow and can respond quickly to dynamic pricing, enabling real-time billing and efficient energy management.
**Intelligent Interactive Terminal**
An intelligent interactive terminal is essential for home-based smart power services. It uses advanced communication technologies to monitor and manage household devices, collect and analyze power usage data, and help users optimize energy consumption. It also assists in balancing grid load and enhances user-grid interaction. Additionally, it can read water and gas meters, reduce meter reading costs, and provide services like home security and community access.
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