Japanese scientists recently announced that they have successfully decoded the genome of cultivated strawberries, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of more visually appealing and pest-resistant strawberry varieties. This research, published in the online edition of the British journal *DNA Research*, was conducted by the Shanghai Institute of DNA Research in Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture.
The team focused on the Lihong variety of cultivated strawberries, breaking down its chromosomal DNA into fragments to analyze the sequence of base pairs. By comparing it with four wild strawberry species, they discovered that Lihong contains approximately 698 million base pairs, while wild strawberries have around 200 million. The genome of the "Lee" strain, which carries genetic information, has about 123 million base pairs and is estimated to contain roughly 87,000 genes. Scientists are now investigating how these genes influence key traits such as sweetness, size, and overall quality of the fruit.
Strawberries belong to a large genus with dozens of species. Wild strawberries are typically diploid or tetraploid, meaning their cells have two or four sets of chromosomes. However, cultivated strawberries are usually octoploid, having eight sets. In late 2010, researchers decoded the genome of the diploid wild strawberry known as the "Forest Strawberry." However, progress on decoding the genome of cultivated strawberries had been limited until now. The Shanghai Institute's study marks the first genomic analysis of an octaploid strawberry, making it a significant milestone in plant genomics.
Japan is one of the largest exporters of strawberries globally, and local governments are continuously working to enhance the quality and marketability of the fruit. Shoji Isobe, director of the Institute of Plant Genomics Research at the Shanghai Institute, stated, “This research is expected to help develop new strawberry varieties with higher market value within the next five to ten years.†The findings could revolutionize strawberry breeding and improve agricultural productivity in the region.
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