Japanese scientists recently announced that they have successfully decoded the genome of cultivated strawberries, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of more visually appealing and pest-resistant strawberry varieties. This discovery is expected to play a key role in improving the quality and commercial value of strawberries in the coming years.
The Shanghai Institute of DNA Research, based in Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, published their findings in the online edition of the British journal *DNA Research*. The team broke down the chromosomal DNA sequence of the cultivated strawberry variety "Lihong" into smaller fragments to analyze the arrangement of base pairs. When compared with four wild strawberry species, they found that Lihong contains approximately 698 million base pairs, while wild strawberries have around 200 million. Additionally, the genome of the "Lee" strain, which carries important genetic information, consists of about 123 million base pairs and contains roughly 87,000 genes. Scientists are now working to understand how these genes influence traits such as sweetness, size, and overall fruit quality.
The researchers explained that the genus *Fragaria* includes dozens of plant species. Wild strawberries are typically diploid or tetraploid, meaning their cells contain two or four sets of chromosomes. In contrast, cultivated strawberries are octoploid, having eight sets of chromosomes, making them genetically more complex. While the genome of the diploid wild strawberry "Forest Strawberry" was decoded in late 2010, progress on decoding the cultivated version had been limited until now. The research conducted by the Shanghai Institute marks the first complete genomic analysis of an octaploid strawberry species.
Japan is one of the world's major strawberry exporters, and local authorities are continuously striving to enhance the quality of domestic strawberry varieties. Shoji Isobe, director of the Institute of Plant Genomics Research at the Shanghai Institute, stated: "This study is expected to drive the development of high-value strawberry varieties within the next five to ten years." The findings not only offer new insights into strawberry genetics but also open up exciting possibilities for future agricultural innovations.
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