The 12th Five-Year Plan for the Internet of Things outlines twelve key application areas, including smart grids, transportation, logistics, healthcare, smart homes, environmental and safety monitoring, precision agriculture, industrial automation, financial services, public security, defense, and smart cities. This article focuses on the National 12th Five-Year Plan and explores several IoT applications in detail.
At its core, the Internet of Things is about creating a communication bridge between objects. It represents an inevitable development in the era of multi-network integration, extending communication beyond human-to-human to include human-to-object and object-to-object interactions. This interconnected, intelligent, and networked environment aims to make daily life and work more convenient and humane.
Smart Grid
A smart grid refers to the intelligent evolution of the power grid, often called "Grid 2.0." It relies on advanced communication networks, sensing technologies, control systems, and decision support tools to enhance reliability, safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Key features include self-healing capabilities, user engagement, resistance to cyber threats, and the ability to meet modern electricity demands with high-quality power, diverse generation sources, and efficient asset management.
The State Grid Electric Power Research Institute has developed a new type of power grid by integrating UHV (Ultra High Voltage) infrastructure with modern sensor, communication, and control technologies. This system ensures optimal resource allocation, secure power supply, and supports clean, interactive energy services.
Compared to traditional grids, smart grids exhibit strong integration of power flow, information flow, and business flow. Their advantages include:
1. A robust infrastructure that can withstand external disruptions and support large-scale renewable energy integration.
2. Advanced IT and sensor technologies allow real-time monitoring and early fault detection, enabling quick recovery and preventing blackouts.
3. Flexible AC/DC transmission and smart dispatching improve operational efficiency and accommodate distributed energy sources and electric vehicles.
4. Efficient use of equipment and reduced power loss contribute to economic and sustainable operations.
5. Real-time and non-real-time data integration provides comprehensive grid insights for better decision-making.
6. Two-way interaction allows users to monitor power quality and pricing, while utilities gain detailed consumption data to offer enhanced services.
Due to its complexity, each utility must develop a strategic plan tailored to its specific needs to gradually implement smart grid solutions.
Smart Substation
A smart substation is an advanced, integrated, and eco-friendly device that digitizes station information, enables networked communication, and standardizes data sharing. It automatically handles functions like data collection, protection, measurement, and monitoring, while supporting advanced features such as real-time control, intelligent adjustment, and online analysis.
Key technologies include smart transformers, electronic sensors, and a unified information platform.
Smart Meter
Smart meters enable bidirectional power measurement and support dynamic pricing models. They allow rapid price adjustments, real-time billing, and efficient energy management.
Intelligent Interactive Terminal
These terminals are essential for home-based smart energy services. Using advanced communication tech, they monitor and manage household appliances, collect power usage data, and help users optimize their energy consumption. They also support peak-load shifting and grid-user interaction. Additionally, they can read water and gas meters, reduce manual reading costs, and provide services like home security and community connectivity.
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