Secondary Technical Expert and Senior Engineer of AVIC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine (Group) Co., Ltd. Shen Zhiyun
As the aviation industry continues to evolve, so does the complexity and precision required in aero-engine manufacturing. With increased collaboration with international partners, it has become clear that there are still significant gaps between China’s aerospace manufacturing capabilities and those of leading foreign companies. This article explores some of the key areas where these differences are most evident.
One of the main issues lies in the design requirements for parts. Foreign standards often include detailed specifications for machining points, tolerances, and surface conditions. For example, CNC machining points must be precisely defined in terms of position, direction, and depth. Additionally, weak rigid parts require strict flatness and roundness limits, and sharp corners are strictly avoided to prevent stress concentration. These details are not always clearly defined in Chinese design documents, leading to inconsistencies in production.
Another area is the condition of the raw material. Subcontracted parts typically use refined blanks that are already heat-treated and ultrasonically tested, ensuring stability and reducing the need for further processing. In contrast, many of our materials still require additional steps such as stress-relieving and inspection, which increases production time and complexity.
Technical standards also play a crucial role. Foreign manufacturers have comprehensive guidelines covering everything from quality control to surface finish and hole processing. These standards ensure consistency and traceability throughout the production process. However, in China, we often lack detailed technical references, relying more on dimensional tolerances than on specific process controls.
Process procedures are another critical factor. Advanced manufacturers integrate multiple operations into a single setup, using CNC equipment to improve accuracy and efficiency. Their documentation is thorough, guiding operators through every step of the process. In China, however, procedures tend to be more general, leaving room for interpretation and making the final product highly dependent on the operator’s skill.
Tooling and measurement methods also differ significantly. Foreign tooling is often lightweight, modular, and designed for versatility, reducing costs and development time. They make full use of digital measuring devices and high-precision instruments. In China, we still rely heavily on heavy steel fixtures and dial gauges, which limit flexibility and accuracy.
By analyzing these differences, it becomes clear that China needs to invest more in advanced design concepts, process optimization, and standardization. Through partnerships and subcontracting, we can learn from global best practices and enhance the quality of our aero-engine components. This will not only improve our technological capabilities but also bring long-term economic benefits.
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